فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال هشتم شماره 24 (پاییز 1392)

The aim of the present study is to look into the relationship between attachment styles and conflict resolution techniques among married women. The research was conducted on the basis of the correlational type of descriptive method and the population included all the married female students of the state universities in Tehran. From among these universities, three universities, i.e. Tehran University, Shahid Beheshti University and Al-Zahra University, were selected through simple random sampling and from each university, an equal number of students was selected from the four departments of engineering, humanities, fundamental sciences and art by convenience sampling. The sample included 210 married female students and the measurement instruments were the inventory of personal experiences in intimate relationships (which assesses attachment styles, Waller, Fraley and Brennan) and the inventory of conflict resolution techniques (Arker, Dysay and Saltzman). The data was analyzed using correlation coefficient and stepwise regression performed by SPSS software. The results indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between conflict resolution techniques and safe and anxious attachment styles. The relationship between the safe attachment style and the negotiation technique (in the positive direction) and the relationship between the safe attachment style and the psychological violence technique (in the negative direction) were stronger (P<0.01). Also, the anxious attachment style was meaningfully related to the physical attack and psychological violence techniques (in the positive direction) and to the negotiation technique (in the negative direction). The results of the regression analysis also suggest that the safe attachment style is the best predictor of the negotiation and psychological violence techniques. The anxious attachment style cannot explain the negotiation technique.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The research population includes all the housewives referring to the counseling center of the 7th District of Tehran Municipality. A sample of 30 housewives was selected using the convenience sampling technique and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of training on anger management skills. The data collection instruments were the Eysenck Aggression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire and the data were analyzed using covariance performed by SPSS14.The results revealed that anger management skills training affects the general health of housewives. The F value (20.14) for the differences between groups with the degree of freedom 1 and 27 at p>0.0001 level was significant. The results also suggest that anger management skills affect the subjects’ anxiety, depression and social functioning but it does not impact on women’s bodily functions. The F value (20.14) obtained for the differences between groups regarding anxiety, depression and social functioning with the degree of freedom 1 and 27 at p˃0.95 level was significant. As such, anger management skills training does significantly impact on the housewives’ physical functioning.

Keeping a balance between separateness and togetherness is the key to healthy family intimacy. Thus, intimacy and fear of intimacy are important concepts that highly impact on interpersonal relationships. The overall purpose of this study is reconstruction, validation, reliability estimation and normalization of the women’s fear of intimacy scale. The research method is survey and the population includes all Tehrani women from among whom a sample of 150 subjects was selected through the convenience sampling technique and were asked to answer the fear of intimacy questionnaire. To assess the factor structure of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed.The findings indicate that the scale consists of four factors: tendency to intimacy, fear of intimacy, fear of other's views and the extent of relationship quality. The reliability of this scale was worked out on the basis of Cronbach's alpha (0.71) and test-retest correlation (0.77). Then, using z and t scores to normalize the scale, interpretation of every individual’s raw score with respect to his/her profile portrayed in this research was made possible. The results of the present study suggest that the fear of intimacy scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of fear of intimacy among women.

This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of group self-regulation training on the social adjustment of the third grade middle school female students in Shushtar in 2011-2012 school year. The research design is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample includes 50 female students who were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 25 subjects. The data collection instrument was California Personality Inventory (CPI). The experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of training on self-regulation techniques, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Then, after about a month, a follow-up test was administered to both groups. The results obtained from multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a meaningful difference (p>0.001) between the experimental and control groups in regard to social adjustment. Also, the rate of social adjustment in the experimental group had significantly increased to a higher level than that of the control group. These results persisted until the follow-up period.

The present study aims to examine the relationship between family flexibility, religiosity and mental health among runaway and normal adolescents. To this end, 60 runaway and 60 normal adolescent boys and girls were randomly selected and assigned into experimental and control groups after being matched in terms of such characteristics as economic conditions, age and marital status. Next, the three family flexibility, religiosity and mental health inventories were administered to the experimental group. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistics and multiple regression methods. The results reveal that there is a significant relationship between family flexibility, religiosity and mental health among adolescents. As such, adolescents with flexible families had better mental health and a significant difference was observed between the runaway and normal adolescents in terms of family flexibility, religiosity and mental health.

The aim of the present study is to examine men's violence against their wives and the socioeconomic factors affecting it in Shiraz, Iran.The research method is survey and the statistical population includes all married men residing in Shiraz. A sample of 360 subjects was selected using the cluster sampling procedure. The research instrument is a questionnaire containing closed and researcher-made questions. The validity of the questionnaire was determined on the basis of face validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess its reliability.The findings demonstrate that 5.2% of men use a very high rate of violence, 14.3% use a high rate of violence, 52.5% use an average rate of violence, 17.9% use a low rate of violence and 10.1% never use violence against their wives. In this study, rate of sexual satisfaction with the spouse, membership in various social groups and rate of exposure to the media are the three independent variables which were found to be the most important variables besides verifying their respective hypothesis in multivariate regression and could explain 36% of the variance of the dependent variable. Hence, it can be said that men’s expectations from their wives in regard to sexual issues, their entry into social groups which can give them a new perspective and finally gaining more understanding from the media impact on their violent behavior toward their wives.

This study has been conducted to compare the marital obligations of husbands and wives towards disabled spouses during their married life. The sample includes 60 physically-impaired married men or women who referred to the medical centers of MS Society, the rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Association of Spinal Cord Injuries and the rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization in the east of Tehran and had been disabled at least three years after their marriage. The members of the sample were selected on a non-random basis from among the disabled patients who had the required characteristics. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire related to marital obligations.The results revealed that the rate of women’s fulfillment of marital commitment to their disabled husbands is higher than that of men’s and the difference is statistically significant (p = 0.00). Also, such factors as length of marriage with p = 0.02 and education level with p = 0.00 are directly related to the rate of marital commitment fulfillment. Another finding is that disabled men’s satisfaction with life is higher than that of women’s and the difference is statistically significant (p = 0.02).